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\hyphenation{FORTRAN IRTG}

\title{Fortsetzungsantrag DFG Graduiertenkolleg IRTG}
%\author{}
\date{\today}
%\maketitle

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\vspace{-2.5cm}
Proposal for a continuation of the \\
{\huge International Research Training Group} \\ 
{\huge \bf Development and Application of Intelligent Detectors} \\
{\huge at the} \\
 \vspace{1.0cm}
%\includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{siegel-hd-ma} 
\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{siegel_uni_hd_gross}%
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Ruprecht-Karls-Universit\"at Heidelberg, Germany \\
Prof. Dr. N. Herrmann\\
%University of Mannheim, Germany \\ 
 \vspace{1.5cm}
%\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{Oslo}%
%\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{uibugle50}
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University of Bergen, Norway     \\ 
Prof. Dr. D. R\"ohrich \\
University of Oslo, Norway       \\ 
\vfill
\vspace{\stretch{1}}
vorgesehene F\"orderperiode: 01.04.2009 -- 30.09.2013 \\ 
Antragstermin: 01.04.2008 \\ 
%\vspace{1cm}
Heidelberg, \date{\today}
\end{center} 

\tableofcontents

%%\part{Continuation Proposal} 

\chapter{General Information} 

\section{Program Title}
% Thema in deutscher und englischer Fassung

%\begin{table}[!H]
 \begin{tabular}{l}
   Entwicklung und Anwendung von intelligenten Detektoren \\ 
   Development and application of intelligent detectors   \\ 
 \end{tabular} 
% \caption{Titel in deutscher und englischer Sprache}
%\end{table}


%\section{Antrag stellende Hochschule/n und beteiligte Hochschule/n im Ausland}
\section{Applying Universities} 

%\begin{table}[!H]
 \begin{tabular}{l}
  {Ruprecht-Karls-Universit\"at Heidelberg, Germany }\\ 
  University of Bergen, Norway \\ 
  University of Oslo, Norway \\ 
 \end{tabular} 
% \caption{Antrag stellende Hochschulen}
%\end{table}

%\section{Antrag stellende Wissenschaftler}
\section{Applying Scientists} 

\include{proflistnew}


%\section{Zusammenfassung}
\section{Summary}
%{\color{green} essential intentions research as well as study-program 30 lines}

The International Research Training Group (IRTG) on intelligent detectors
is developing and applying detection systems for particle, nuclear and
space physics that integrate modern information technologies as key
features. The design, building and operation of such detectors is the key
for advanced nuclear and particle physics experiments. It requires a
profound knowledge in a variety of fields that is  made available in
the interdisciplinary cooperation of physicists working on detector design,
signal readout and data analysis, together with departments that focus on
information science and work on signal processing, pattern recognition and
data management. Some of the technological aspects involved include
the design of application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), design and
programming of circuits implementing programmable electronics (FPGAs) and
the design and operation of large scale compute facilities (Cluster, GRID)
that have to be considered an integral part of next generation detector
systems.

The IRTG links the expertise that is available in Heidelberg and
Norway (Bergen/Oslo), and has demonstrated that the scientific exchange 
leads to new contacts and proposals. The expertise available in the different 
locations is largely complementary, allowing cross fertilisation and for the
participating students offering the possibility for a broader education
in partially highly specialized fields.

In both countries many major recent experiments in high energy elementary 
particle and nuclear physics are represented: 
ALICE, ATLAS, BABAR, CBM, CERES, FOPI, H1,
HeraB, LHCb in Heidelberg and ALICE, ATLAS, BRAHMS, NA57 and space
physics (INTEGRAL, POLAR) in Bergen/Oslo and by this, a large particle physics
background is available to the IRTG. 
On the technological side there is a nice complementarity:
for example ASIC design and cluster computing are well recognized  
in Heidelberg, while FPGA-based hardware/software co-design is more 
centered in Bergen. 

Project-oriented collaborations among the participating groups will be
further  strengthened by the IRTG. Common research interests are existing and 
have been pursued in the past, like the ALICE High Level Trigger (HLT), 
that is run and operated  commonly  from KIP/Heidelberg and Bergen. 
In the next funding period of the IRTG the program will focus on the 
exploitation of the development effort for the experiments ALICE and ATLAS and  
will lead to common projects for the major future international 
facilities: FAIR at Darmstadt  and  the ILC. Specific Projects have been
already defined: CBM at FAIR and the Hadron Calorimer at the ILC. 

The continuation of the IRTG will give the  unique opportunities to 
involve students on all levels of high energy particle physics from 
conceptual design over prototyping to actual running of the experiments.
The teaching program is held in English and
is open to all  local members of the particle physics community . 
The students are lead to the
forefront of experimental nuclear, particle and space physics and are
given the chance to acquire hands-on experience on the most advanced
design, simulation and analysis tools available today. 
The IRTG is embedded into the larger Heidelberg Graduate School of
Fundamental Physics (HGSFP) that is providing additional more generic
education, e.g. soft-skill seminars that will be covering the aspects of work 
organization, time planning and presentation techniques. 


%\section{Antragszeitraum}
\section{Anticipated duration/ starting date}

Duration: another  4.5 years \\
starting: 1. April 2009 \\
ending: 30. September 2013

%\section{Angestrebte Zahl der Doktoranden-, Postdoktoranden- und
% Qualifizierungsstipendien}

\section{Anticipated number of participants} 
%{\color{green} min 12 max 30 with max 9 - 24 financed by DFG}

In Germany Heidelberg is applying to continue at the existing level of 
 12 PhD. stipends and 1 Bat IIa PostDoc position. 
The total number of participating students will
be larger by about a factor of two. About 20 additional students funded
from other resources will participate in the educational activities of the
IRTG~\footnote{For reference, see the list of currently active
  students in the field within the participating groups in Appendix~
  ref{AppendixC}.}. We ask for funding of increased basic scholarships
for the students 
in order to be more competitive in an economical environment, where the
best students are being lost very easily.
In order to be able to offer an attractive and top-level education program
that is tailored to the needs of the participants, a  TVL-13 position for a 
postdoctoral fellows is requested (for details of the tasks and the
requested profile see section ref{sec:3.2}3.2 below). The number of PostDocs
participating in the research activities of the IRTG is estimated to be
about 10, providing the necessary intellectual and knowledge-based
environment and knowledge from which Ph.D. students will profit.
In Norway, a total of eight Ph.D. stipends are being requested in Bergen
and Oslo. We note that German Ph.D. stipends are roughly half the size of
Norwegian Ph.D. grants. The application includes requests for funding of
running costs, e.g. for organizing workshops/schools and to cover travel
expenses. The total number of Norwegian students participating in the IRTGs
educational program is about 20. The number of Norwegian postdoctoral fellows
involved in the projects related to the IRTG is about four.
In summary about 30 Ph.D. students will continue to form the body of the IRTG
participating in the regular advanced lectures (see section 3 ref{sec:3}). 
With such a
number of students the investments in terms of manpower in specific
education is well justified, and in turn a sizeable number of students will
benefit from the specific offers of the IRTG.

% =============================================================================
%\chapter{Profil des Graduiertenkollegs (vgl. A.1.)} 
\chapter{IRTG Profile} 
The basic Ansatz of the IRTG will not be changed and is reproduced here from
the original proposal:
the focus of the proposed International Research Training Group is
Intelligent Detectors and Detector Systems’. They are characterized
by exploiting the latest developments in sensor technology and merging
it with the latest advances in electronics and information
science. Such systems emerge from the interdisciplinary interplay of
three different building blocks (illustrated below) as set forth
below: 

\begin{figure}[!h] 
  \begin{centering} 
    \includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{intelligent-detectors} 
  \end{centering}
  \caption[]{irtg}
  \label{fig:irtg}
\end{figure}

\renewcommand{\labelenumi}{\Roman{enumi}}

\begin{enumerate}
\item Fundamental physics like elementary particle, nuclear physics and
space physics is one of the major driving forces to advance new
detector technology. Experiments that are to be performed in the near
future, will present new and challenging problems for data taking and
analysis. Very rare signals have to be detected with sufficient
accuracy and significance from an extremely large background. The
design of modern detection systems is based on the possibility and the
knowledge to model the response of the apparatus in detail with
respect to the anticipated signal and unavoidable background by means
of simulations. The basic task is to derive experimental observables
that are linked robustly to the interesting fundamental physics
properties of the system. The necessary data rates for many future
experiments are so high that the electronics and the data processing
has to be considered an integral part of the detector systems. The
sensors converting physical observables to electronic signals have to
be equipped with on-board intelligence and/or efficient data
management in order to form a system capable of fulfilling the physics
requirements. The system features must already be incorporated into
the design phase of new devices in order to make a realistic
assessment of the performance. 
\item The second cornerstone is the rapid
development of modern electronics and information processing
technology. Thus, exciting new possibilities for (particle and
nuclear) physics detectors are arising. Due to the ever growing
integration and better flexible customisation, very complex tasks can
nowadays be executed on the detector while simultaneously taking
data. The integration of the latest technological possibilities into a
new detector design is, however, a very complex task. It requires a
profound understanding of all the implications of the choice of a
certain technology and should ideally be supported by some experience
of its implementation. Acquiring the skills to handle the
technologically advanced systems requires special training. The
International Research Training Group aims to link in an
interdisciplinary fashion basic physics needs with modern cutting-edge
electronics and informatics science. 
\item The concept of using modern
information technology in large scale physics experiments is of course
not new. Present day examples for ‘Intelligent Detectors’ are the
running experiments at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider RHIC at
Brookhaven National Laboratory and the planned experiments at the
Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. Several of these experiments
(BRAHMS, ALICE, ATLAS and LHCb) are represented by the participants of
the IRTG. Local intelligence is implemented for trigger needs in form
of ASICs evaluating and compressing the data of specific subsystems
and performing the decisive event selection. Special hardware is being
installed for organising the data flow and for fast pattern
recognition. The experience gained during the development and the
operation of those systems is essential for success of the
next-gneration development. The evaluation of the performance of the
running systems constitutes another important verification step of the
whole detector concept. This can only be achieved by running through
the full analysis chain and trying to derive those signatures that the
detector was designed for. Additional challenges have to be mastered
in that area, such as monitoring and controlling a very large number
of setup parameters and handling huge amounts of output data. The
necessary corresponding techniques are included in the menu of
activities of the IRTG. 
\end{enumerate} 
\renewcommand{\labelenumi}{}

In particular the International Research
Training Group aims at linking these building blocks, namely 
\begin{itemize} 
\item the experience with running state-of-the-art detectors and information
\item processing systems to arising future needs, 
\item physics requirements to possible detection system performance and
analysis experience to system specification and verification. 
\end{itemize} 

This is clearly an interdisciplinary task that needs expertise from
several different research areas and research groups. 
\textcolor{red}{rewrite:  
The physics
goals have to be well understood. Therefore the underlying physics to
be measured with the next generation detection systems is an integral
part of the IRTG. The scope of the IRTG is centered around elementary
particle physics and high energy nuclear physics. Physics observables
have to be modelled by state-of-the-art simulation and reconstruction
algorithms in order to define and understand the desired system
specifications. Once a system, featuring local intelligence on the
detector, is built, its performance and operation will have to be
monitored and tuned. The information obtained from the experience of
extracting high quality data from running devices is of crucial
importance for the design of the next generation systems. 
}

The disciplines required for the research and developments within the
framework of the IRTG are: 
\begin{itemize} 
\item Nuclear 
\item Physics 
\item High Energy Physics 
\item Space Physics 
\item Detector Physics 
\item Sensoric
\item Microelectronics and Electronics 
\item Computer Engineering 
\item Computer Science
\end{itemize} 

%
% ===================================================================== 
%\chapter{Forschungsprogramm (vgl. A.2.)} 
\chapter{Research Program} 

The research program is building on the existing strong collaboration between
Heidelberg and Bergen/Oslo specifically on the ALICE experiment with its
components TPC and TRD detector , High Level
Trigger (HLT),  Detector Control System (DCS) and
physics simulations.  This will be naturally extended to detector operation
and physics analysis. 

The second major building block for the future interest is ATLAS where 
strong groups from Germany and Norway are involved in.

The research program is augmented and extended due to new contacts from the
current funding period that resulted in two common projects for the future 
facilities FAIR and ILC. 


The visions for the future activities are detailed in the following. 

\section{ALICE}

\subsection{ALICE - online}

(Voli) 

\subsection{ALICE - operation and calibration}

(Stachel) 

\subsection{ALICE - physics analysis}

(Stachel) 

\section{ATLAS}

The ATLAS detector will be operated and produce physics output as well 
as practical experiences with a highly complex detector system. The detector 
aspect is of major relevance for the IRTG and the students involved. ATLAS 
will for the first time give insights into the problems to be encountered 
during the operation of such a large-scale technology. The experience gained 
there will be invaluable for the planning and operation of future large-scale 
facilities in science and industry. It is planned to strongly involve IRTG 
student in this exciting endeavour. Their work will also form the basis for a 
possible ATLAS Upgrade programme, which is currently entering an R\&D phase. 
The improvement of the ATLAS data selection capabilities based on the data 
gathered during the first year will form a major goal of the work performed 
in the Heidelberg-KIP group. As a concrete project the group plans to propose an 
integrated mixed-signal VLSI solution as an input stage of the ATLAS level-1 
trigger. This work will be performed in close cooperation with international 
project partners but also with a second ATLAS group, which is likely to 
emerge at the PI in Heidelberg in 2008.

\section{LHCb}

(Uwer) 

\section{CBM at FAIR} 

The Compressed Baryonic Matter Experiment CBM will be installed at the FAIR 
facility and is expected to take data starting in 2015. It aims at measuring 
rare probes as signatures of highly compressed baryonic matter that will be
produced in heavy-ion collisions at incident energies of 10 - 35 AGeV with 
so far unprecedented rates. An interaction rate of 10 MHz is targeted even 
for the heaviest systems, requiring completely new detector and data
acquisition technologies. 
Various groups of the IRTG are already members of the collaboration and will
join forces in the framework of the IRTG.
   
\subsection{TOF system}

One PI group (Herrmann) is involved already since 2004 in the design and development 
of the Time-of-flight system for CBM. The proposal is based on Muiltigap Multi
Strip Resistive Plate Chambers (MMRPC) that have been successfully been
built and operated by the group in the FOPI experiment. A timing resolution of
better than 100 ps has been achieved on a detector area of about 5 m$^2$.
In the next 4 years, 
the technology will have be developped and demonstrated to enhance the
intrinsic rate capability of the counters from 20Hz to 10 kHz and to find
concepts, to deal with very different 
hit densities in an efficient manner. The research includes the design of 
impedance matched wide strip counters as well es the development of high 
bandwidth electronics with adjustable input impedance. Synergies are expected 
from the collaboration with analog ASIC designers (Stachel) and electronics 
groups (Ullaland). 
 
A really 'intelligent' solution will have to be found to make the TOF detector
data avalaible for fast event selection within the system that will be
developed byt the KIP - group (Lindenstruth). Such a solution is necessary to 
obtain online background reduction in the measurement of open charm (D-mesons)
and will determine how close to the production threshold CBM will be able to
run.    
  
\subsection{Event selection}

(VOLI) 

\subsection{Detector control system}
During the first IRTG funding period from 2005 to 2008, a novel FPGA 
refresh technology based on partial dynamic reconfiguration was developed (Kebschull).
The purpose of this technology was to extend the meantime between 
failures (MTBF) caused by single event upsets (SEUs).
Single event upsets affect the FPGA configuration and lead to 
malfunction of the active design.
SEUs are caused by high energy particles passing through the FPGA chip.
The novel refresh technology was successfully used for ALICE TPC readout 
controller (ROC).
Current estimates show, that in CBM the radiation doses will be much 
higher than for ALICE TPC.
Therefore, new and more effective radiation tolerance technologies for 
FPGAs need to and will be explored.

Within this research, we want to investigate the impact of fault 
tolerance technologies like ECC for RAMs and busses, and we want to 
design radiation tolerant IP components like CPU, busses, memory 
controllers and I/O, especially optimized to run on FPGA using the 
refresh technology.

This work has to be carried out in close cooperation with our Norwegian 
colleagues in Bergen and Oslo: The application in ROC and DCS will be 
implemented together with Bergen (R\"ohrich) and beam test will be done 
in Oslo (Skaali).
These beam test will measure the achieved improvement in radiation 
tolerance.

Therefore the IRTG is a perfect vehicle to enhance these kind of 
cooperations.

\section{Hadron calorimeter at the International Linear Collider (ILC) }

Since 2006 the Heidelberg KIP group (Schultz-Coulon) is involved in the 
R\&D activities 
for a high-performance hadron calorimeter (HCAL) for the International 
Linear Collider (ILC). The challenging physics goals of the ILC impose 
stringent demands on the detector, which by far exceed what is possible with 
present detector technologies. This is particularly true for the calorimetry, 
as the anticipated jet-energy resolution necessitates the combination of 
tracking and calorimeter information and consequently a separation of 
showers originating from neutral and from charged particles. This is only 
possible with a highly granular calorimeter, which resolves the complete 
shape of individual showers. Such a calorimeter is presently developed in the 
framework of the CALICE collaboration, where the analogue option for the 
hadronic part (AHCAL) is based on a sampling structure with scintillating 
tiles individually readout by so-called Silicon-Photomultiplier (SiPM) 
mounted directly on each tile.

Presently the ILC activities at the KIP comprise the characterization of new 
Silicon-Photomultipliers, work on test-beam measurements using the first 
AHCAL prototype and the development of highly integrated electronics for 
SiPM-readout. Further plans are the development of infrastructure to allow 
large-scale quality assurance tests of integrated sensor-scintillating 
systems, which are mandatory when building a calorimeter with millions of 
channels. The SiPM-studies - also in view of a possible application in 
medical imaging - are planned in collaboration with the IRTG group at the 
University of Bergen (G. Eigen et al.); both groups are - among others - 
partners in a new proposal for the 7th framework program of the EU. Hence, 
the ILC activities will profit significantly from the scientific exchange 
fostered by the International Graduate School on Intelligent Detectors, 
circumstances, which have already been very helpful when initiating the new 
involvement.
Both activities will also profit from the excellent technical infrastructure 
in Heidelberg. In particular the new HGF Terascale Alliance will be of 
strong importance for the ambitious electronics and VLSI development. 


\bigskip
{\bf Summary:}

Techniques developed for todays experiments are being used  under harsh real 
conditions and are tested for their applicability for future even more demanding tasks. 
Towards that goal the implemented techniques are extended and refined employing the most advanced technologies. 

\begin{enumerate} 
\item Full coverage of all the stages of modern intelligent
  nuclear/particle detection system design and operation  
  \begin{itemize}
  \item physics analysis 
  \item physics simulation 
  \item detector simulation 
  \item detector construction, system integration 
  \item readout design, development and operation 
  \item trigger design, development and operation 
  \item data handling and data management 
  \item online data selection 
  \item offline event reconstruction  
  \item GRID computing
  \item High performance computing 
  \end{itemize} 
\item Development of new, integrated detection techniques for next
  generation machines (e.g. FAIR, ILC, astrophysics
  satellites). Here the demands are very high with respect to the
  event/data rates and efficient real-time processing required for rare
  signals.  
\end{enumerate} 

\section{Research topics}
The following sections give a brief collection of some of the core
research topics foreseen for the upcoming funiding period 
 within the framework of the IRTG. They are
organized in line with the various stages listed in the workplans set
forth in sections 3.1 - 3.5. All subjects cover a rather large field of
activities, thus supporting many possible Ph.D. theses.  

\begin{enumerate}
\item Physics analysis
After 20 years of development the next few years will give the 
unique chance to apply now the new detector concepts and 
extract physics signals. This results will have direct feed-back 
to further design considerations. Especially 'rare signal' analysis 
fits into the scope of the IRTG, since this will be even more demanding 
at future facilities. Identified projects that are of common interest to 
several groups within the IRTG are:

\begin{itemize} 
\item Jet analysis in ALICE and ATLAS 
\item Quarkonia  production 
\item single photons production (ATLAS, ALICE) 
\item Charm (Bottom) Tagging by secondary vertices (BABAR, CBM, LHCb, ALICE)
\end{itemize}


\item Detector simulation 

New detectors:
\begin{itemize}
\item MMRPC @ CBM 
\item HCAL  @ ILC
\end{itemize}

\item System integration 

 TRD of ALICE
 HLT of ALICE
 ATLAS Trigger  

\item Subsystem operation 

\begin{itemize}
\item TRD @ ALICE 
\item Kalorimeter and Trigger @ ATLAS
\end{itemize}

\item Experiment operation, Slow control 
%{\bf (Kebschull)}
%
%Detector components like the DCS-Boards also require radiation 
%tolerance techniques.
%However, refresh technology alone is not sufficient since a full set of 
%radiation tolerant and synthesizable IP components like CPU, busses, 
%memory and I/O subsystems are required.
%Today, these components can fully be integrated into FPGAs at a 
%reasonable performance/cost ratio which is often better than 
%implementing it in  radiation hard ASICS.
%
%The refresh technology for FPGAs is not sufficient due to many reasons: 
%blockrams (BRAM) require completely different radiation tolerance 
%techniques, since a reconfiguration would completely destroy their content.
%Many design tools use look-up tables (LUT) as shift registers or 
%distributed RAMs.
%A configuration refresh would change their content and therefore destroy 
%the states.
%The radiation tolerance of FPGA components like PowerPC, multi-gigabit 
%transceivers, integrated multipliers and others at high energy and flux 
%rate is currently unknown.
%Other known radiation tolerance technologies like parity checks in data 
%paths, hamming encoding for internal states, or CRC for error correction 
%or even triple redundancy could further improve the robustness of such a 
%device, but most of them have never been analyzed.
%
%The goal of this research is to implement radiation tolerant versions of 
%all digital components used in a complete system.
%The effectiveness of all radiation tolerance improvement technologies 
%needs to be measured and categorized for FPGAs.
%

\item Electronics design

\item Data aqusition / Trigger system development 

\item GRID computing 

\end{enumerate}

\section{Proposed thesis topics} 
The following table presents a list of possible thesis topics that
would fit into the research program of the IRTG. Common interest in
between the various groups can be clearly identified and will serve as
starting point for joint developments. We expect to adjust and/or
change priorities during the course of the IRTG depending on the
scientific results, achieved.


\begin{table}

\textcolor{red}{
\begin{longtable}{|p{0.5cm}|p{8cm}|p{4cm}|p{1.5cm}|} 
\hline
   & Title  & Main Problem Class & Location \\ \hline  
1  & ALICE: Analysis (Jets, Charmonia, Open charm) & Physics, Simulation & HD \\
2  & ALICE-HLT: & & HD \\ 
3  & ATLAS: calorimeter trigger operation & Physics, database & HD \\ 
4  & ILC: HCAL development & HD \\
5  & CBM: CBM - xyter &  Electronics & HD \\ 
6  & CBM: High resolution TOF Counter (RPC) development & electronics,readout& HD \\ 
7  & CBM: event building network & & HD \\
8  & Distributed control systems & & HD \\
9  & Fast tracking algorithms for the ALICE HLT & Simulation & BE \\ 
10 & LHCb    & VHDL(FPGA), Algorithms, Simulation & HD \\
\hline 
\end{longtable} 
}
\caption{Table of thesis projects}
\end{table}


This list clearly exceeds the funding possibility of the IRTG and may
also be filled by some of the contributed Ph.D. students. Candidates
will be admitted to the IRTG optimising the exchange in between the
German and Norwegian groups. The long list demonstrates the research
topics that will be worked on in the participating groups and thus
represent the environment into which the IRTG is embedded. Clearly,
all the students working on the listed subjects will benefit from the
educational program of the IRTG. 

Many of the proposed theses relate to
the development of complex subsystems of large-scale experiments
carried out by international collaborations. These subsystems will be
designed, implemented, and run by larger groups of researchers. Many
of them have comparable goals and use comparable, up-to-date
technology, so that the PhD students assigned to a certain task will
benefit hugely from a cooperation. Below closely related theses are
compiled. We plan that the German and Norway PhD students will do part
of their work at their home institution and at a guest
institution. This will stimulate an intensive cooperation between the
involved research groups. 


% ==========================================================================
%\chapter{Studienprogram (vgl. A.2.)} 
\chapter{Study Program }
Participants of the IRTG are expected to actively
participate in the study program. This program should allow students
to: 
\begin{itemize} 
\item Deepen their knowledge in their area of research concerning the
  basic physics questions and instrumentation, and to bridge the gap
  to actual research work 
\item Gain expert knowledge in key technologies, while making best use
  of the expertise available at the German and Norwegian institutions.
\item Present their results and exchange their knowledge with other
  students in seminars and study weeks 
\item Make contact with the best experts from all over the world and
  learn from them in topical workshops organised by the graduate
  school. 
\item Get the opportunity to participate in research work at other
  places in the framework of the exchange program.  
\end{itemize} 

In accord with the experience obtained so far from running the IRTG
the doctoral education in Heidelberg was modified and new regulations have 
been set up with the installation of the Heidelberg Graduate School for
Fundamental Physics (HGFSP). Those rules are planned to be applied to all 
Heidelberg physics students in the near future. The most important 
regulations are: 

\begin{itemize}
\item Besides their main advisor students will be assigned two co-advisers to 
monitor the progress. 

\item The advisory committee will define together with the student general 
educational modules offered by the HGFSP and also suggest conferences and 
workshops that should be attended during the PhD study. The course work can  
be fulfilled by attending the Heidelberg Graduate Days that was established 
as a well received tool for graduate student education. 
\end{itemize}
  
In order to allow for sufficient time for doing research the IRTG does not
plan to install more formal lectures nor further requirements. 
To enhance the scientic level of knowledge we will offer editional seminars 
and workshops/school focussing on specific subjects. This concept was  
successfully tested during the present running period of the IRTG and will be 
refined.  

Therefore the study program of the IRTG will have the following components: 

\begin{itemize} 
\item General lectures will be offered in the context of the Heidelberg
  Graduate Days organized by the HGFSP. This teaching concept for graduate 
students was developed within the IRTG and its predecessors and will be
further supported by the IRTG.  

\item In continuation of the current activities schools and lecture 
weeks on specialized subjects is being organized on a bi-annual basis. 

\item Topical workshops are organised by the IRTG management (if possible 
in conjunction or in temporal vicinity to conferences). 

\item A bi-weekly IRTG seminar is held with topics choosen by the
  students obeying the general requirements formulated in 
  sections~\ref{sec:seminar} and \ref{sec:eval}.

\end{itemize} 

Norwegian students are invited to participate to the program points 1 - 3 
for short visits, and are participating to point 4 while they are staying 
for some longer time in Heidelberg. Note that we don't request any more 
that students have to spend a minimum amount of time in the partner 
institutions. 

 \section{Regular advanced lectures - Graduate Days} 
The members of the IRTG will participate for a minimum of four
semesters in general advanced lectures offered in Heidelberg and
Bergen, which will cover Basic Physics, Experimental Techniques and
the Informatics Aspects. 

Advanced lectures will included the following subjects: 

\begin{itemize} 
\item Experimental probes of fundamental interactions 
\item Standard model of particle physics 
\item Observing the big bang 
\item Cosmology 
\item Particle detectors 
\item Relativistic heavy ion physics 
\item (Micro) Electronics
\item High performance computing  
\end{itemize}

These lectures are fully integrated into the teaching activities of
the faculties and the time spent is fully accountable as part of the
teaching duties ('Lehrdeputat'). In order to profit maximally from the
available expertise and preparation, we also plan to offer these
courses in Norway if they are scheduled for Heidelberg and vice
versa. Accordingly, the lecturers of the desired courses will be
invited to give a compact course at the partner institutions. 

\section{Exchange program} 
An integral part of the study program is an exchange program for
students between the partner institutions. A strong motivation for
this is of course the stimulation of international exchange and of
common projects. It must be stressed however that such a program can
only be successful if the visits to the partner institutions are
strongly coupled to the thesis work of the students. This is naturally
the case if they work in common research projects. Students
applying for the IRTG will be preferably admitted with topics 
that help to extend the international collaboration between the 
participating groups. 

The existing and future projects as described in the research chapter 
are ideal candidates here, as their timelines extend for more than a 
decade into the future. 

The exchange program will be based on two concepts: 
\begin{itemize} 
\item  Sharing common lecture in the context of the regular events.

\item Long term stays for individual students on a project basis: \\

  Typical examples of projects are: 
  \begin{itemize} 
  \item participation at beam tests of subdetectors and data
    evaluation 
  \item testing of common readout chains together with detectors where
    several institutions have delivered components. 
  \item getting familiar with Grid-Computing for simulation or
    analysis 
  \end{itemize} 
\end{itemize}

\section{IRTG Workshops and schools} 

The table below gives an overview of both the planned lecture weeks
and schools for the next two  years of the IRTG. The tentative
organisers are listed as well: 

\begin{table} {!H}
\begin{tabular}{lllll} 
Year        & Type    & Place      & Topic        & Organisers \\ 
2008 Spring & Lecture & Heidelberg & LHC physics  & Uwer      \\ 
2008 Fall   & School   & Bergen     & detector calibration     & Eigen   \\ 
2009 Spring & School   & Heidelberg & fast event selection             & Schultz-Coulon / Meier    \\ 
2009 Fall   & Workshop & Heidelberg & LHC - first results              & Stachel  \\ 
2010 Spring & Workshop & Oslo       & First HI - results from LHC      &  Tveter \\ 
\end{tabular} 
\caption{Planned workshops and schools} 
\label{tab:schools}
\end{table} 


\section{Bi-weekly Seminars} \label{sec:seminar} 
In order to train students presentation skills, bi-weekly seminars are
organized locally. It is mandatory for all students
 to present their work either in case of an accepted presentation at a
 conference, or when he or she approaches the end of  the thesis. 
Further at least one status report is expected from each student per year. 
The attendance of the seminar is mandatory. The seminars are complimented by
external speakers. 
The external speakers are selected according to the demands or suggestions of
the students. 

\section{Soft skill seminars} 
 \textcolor{red}{Offered by the  HGFSP now! Elaborate!}

\section{Post doc position} \label{sec:postdoc}
To effiviently implement these teaching activities in close exchange with the
students a post doc is required. Elaborate more ! 

\section{Procedural details} 
The IRTG fits without any special effort into the graduate programs of
the German and Norwegian universities. The standard rules for
acceptance criteria are valid. 

\subsection{Admission to the IRTG} 
In order to maintain the high standard that the current activities in
the field have reached in the various participating groups, the
positions available from the IRTG are announced worldwide. Candidates are
 selected by the admission commission on
the basis of the achievements of the diploma exams the originality and
quality of the diploma project and  an oral presentation of the candidate
about the diploma project (or equivalent). 
This concept was exercised so far and found to be useful to find
candidates that show the necessary skills for the 
interdisciplinary work between experimental physics, engineering and
informatics. This selection 
is not necessarily always coinciding with the best
grades in the often theoretically oriented diploma exams. Therefore
interesting candidates that can demonstrate from some project work
innovative and creative ideas are given the chance to present
themselves in front of the admission commission and up to now 
some of those candidates were very successful.  

\subsection{Supervision and Performance evaluation}  \label{sec:eval} 
All the graduate students participating in the IRTG have their thesis
advisors at their home institutes. Thus a day-by-day interaction is
guaranteed providing the most efficient monitoring of the progress of
the thesis project. 
On the Heidelberg side each student will be assigned two co-advisors. 
For the IRTG students one of them will be picked from our partner 
universities in Bergen or Oslo.   

For long-term visits at the partner institution a
specific mentor (faculty member of the host institution) will be
assigned for each student serving as contact for any problem that
might arise during those stays. This mentor will keep track of the
project work that the student is pursuing and will help to integrate
the foreign students into the social activities of the hosting
group. 

The students will report regularly on the progress of their
work in the bi-weekly seminar that is part of the IRTG.
Due to the interdisciplinary character of the IRTG, special
efforts will be made so that all the students can follow the
presentations and that the subjects are discussed in depth. Besides
the internal IRTG seminar, all projects are embedded into large
international collaborations, providing numerous opportunities for
status reports at workgroup and collaboration meetings. At the later
stage of their work the participants will present their achievements
at international conferences by poster presentations or talks. For the
students the interaction with the full international community is of
special importance to acquire visibility to the outside world and to
get into contact with other projects that might be of importance for
their future careers. The IRTG will support the participation of each
participating student in at least one major conference in the last 2
years of her/his thesis work. 

\subsection{Doctoral degree} 
The final performance control is the acceptance of the doctoral
thesis and the successful oral defense of the thesis according to the
local rules of the participating institutions. As done up to now 
the doctoral degrees
will be issued by the parent institution in which the student is
enrolled, according to the local rules. The IRTG still is willing to
support the mobility of the students although the experience on this point 
is rather disappointing. Students will be encouraged to continue
their work at the partner institution, e.g. if some interesting
development happened during the project work phase. Joint thesis projects are
possible by admitting the mentor of the student into the
examination commission at the university that is awarding the degree. 

% -----------------------------------------------------------------
%\chapter{Gastwissenschaftlerprogramm} 
\chapter{Visiting scientist program} 
In continuation of the current practise we plan to continue  with the 
invitation of experts on various fields of physics, detector design, readout
electronics and compute infrastructure to the
different activities of the IRTG, e.g. seminars, schools and workshops, 
according to the needs of the participants of the IRTG. This includes 
speakers for the Heidelberg Graduate Days (\"Heidelberger Graduiertentage\") 
that are supplying the core knowledge listed in section \ref{sec:prog}. 

We plan to extend the frequency of invitations to external speakers by 
direct involvement of the students. Students taking actively part in the
invitation process, suggesting subjects and speakers, will be granted 
a free common dinner with the invited speaker. By this we hope to encourage
students to play a more active role in the specific weekly seminar program.  

The duration of the schools is typically 4 days, work shops last 3 days and 
seminars are done on a daily basis. 

% -----------------------------------------------------------------
%\chapter{Organisationsstruktur des Graduiertenkollegs} 
\chapter{Organizational Structure}
 The IRTG organization remains as  sketched below, emphasizing the binational
 nature. The body of the IRTG is the IRTG board, which includes all
 participating faculty members and two students from each country,
 which are elected by the participating students by simple
 majority. The IRTG board meets twice a year during a lecture
 week or school.  

\begin{figure}[!h] 
  \begin{centering} 
    \includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{irtg-orga}
  \end{centering} 
  \caption{Organizational Structure}
  \label{fig:orga}
\end{figure}

\textcolor{red}{The term of a spokesperson is two years.} 
The current spokespersons are
Prof. Dr. Norbert Herrmann for Germany and Prof. Dr. Dieter R\"ohrich
for Norway. The two national spokespersons are elected by all members
the IRTG board. The schools and lecture weeks (see section 4) are
organized by the IRTG program committee with the membership of the
spokespersons (ex officio) plus one elected national member. 

Admission to the IRTG is performed nationally by the two national
admission committees. In order to ensure coherence within the IRTG
both spokespersons are ex officio members of both admission
committees. 

The responsibility for the proper organization of the biweekly local
seminars is rotating on a semester basis amoung the local
professors. It is the responsibility of the national spokesperson to
ensure proper execution of the program. 

%\chapter{Umfeld des Graduiertenkollegs (vgl. A.2.)} 
\chapter{Infrastructure} 
\section{Affiliation with (inter)national research projects} 
The research to be performed as part of the IRTG is closely related to
the major current and new activities in experimental elementary
particle and nuclear physics in Europe and USA. The participating
groups are involved into running experiments at RHIC (BNL), SPS
(CERN), BABAR (SLAC) and SIS (GSI). They contribute major
parts to the preparation and execution of upcoming LHC experiments at CERN:
ALICE, ATLAS and LHCb. 

Significant contributions to the future FAIR facility at GSI and
especially to the design of the Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment
(CBM) are planned. This is manifested in the participation to several
Joint Research Activities as part of the I3HP initiative within the sixth and 
seventh framwork program of the EU. 
On a similar level  the ILC activities are part of the seventh framwork
program of the EU. 

\section{Available infrastructure at German institutes} 
\subsection{Scientific personal} 

The available infrastructure to the IRTG are sthe same as described for the
original proposal except for two items: 

\begin{enumerate}
\item The Technical Informatics of Mannheim  was moved from Mannheim
  University to the ZITI at Heidelberg. The infrastructural resources are
  currently integrated into the ASIC laboratory of Heidelberg University.

\item The Physkalische Institut of Heidelberg will get a new building on the
  Campus (Neuenheimer Feld) in direct vicinity to the Kirchhoff
  Institut. Direct communication among the various groups participating in the
  IRTG will be significantly enhanced  when living essentially under the same
  roof. Ground breaking for the new building is expected for 2010. 
\end{enumerate}

 
The following table gives a summary of the scientific personal that is
available to the Heidelberg groups participating in the IRTG:  \\

\begin{tabular}{llll}
 & Physikalisches Institut& Kirchhoff Institut & \\ 
 C4  & 2 & 2  &  \\
 C3  & 2 & 2  &  \\
 C1  & 2 & 1  &  \\
 TVL & 6 & 6  &  \\
\end{tabular}
   
\subsection{Technical Personal} 
Technical personnel is available to the different groups on a project
basis from centralized and commonly used workshops. The following
table gives the approximate number of people available to the groups
participating in the IRTG: \\ 
\begin{tabular}{llll}
 & Physikalisches Institut & Kirchhoff Institut &  \\ 
 Electronics &  8 & 12 &  \\
 Mechanics   & 20 &  8 &  \\
\end{tabular}

\subsection{ASIC Laboratory at Heidelberg University} 
Microelectronics is one essential building block for the development
and integration of intelligent detectors. The only way to combine low
noise, low power, possibly radiation hard, low cost and intelligent
signal processing and acquisition systems is by virtue of developing
highly advanced integrated microelectronic devices. Therefore,
foreseeing this trend, the ASIC Laboratory Heidelberg was founded in
1994 as a joint facility of the Institute for High Energy Physics and
the Physics Institute of Heidelberg University together with the
MaxPlanck-Institute for Nuclear Physics. Later the Institute for
Applied Physics of Heidelberg University joined the lab and
subsequently merged with the Institute for High Energy Physics into
the present Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics (KIP), which hosts the
ASIC lab on its site \footnote{For details refer to http://wwwasic.kip.uni-heidelberg.de}. 

The positive evolution of the Lab is also well represented by the personnel employed: Starting
with 6 people in 1994, the head-count has grown to more than 30
scientists 2008. 

\section{Available infrastructure at Norwegian institutes} 
\subsection{Scientific personal} 
The following table gives a summary of the scientific personal that is
available to the groups participating in the IRTG: \\ 
\begin{tabular}{llll} 
                  & UiB & UiO & HiB \\ 
Professor         &  3  &  4  &  1  \\ 
Assoc. Professor  &  4  &  -  &  -  \\ 
\end{tabular}

\subsection{Technical Personal} 
Technical personnel are available to the different groups on a project
basis from centralized and commonly used workshops. The following
table gives the approximate number of people available to the groups
participating in the IRTG: \\
\begin{tabular}{llll} 
              & UiB & UiO & HiB \\ 
  Electronics &  4  &  2  &  -  \\ 
  Mechanics   &  2  &  2  &  -  \\ 
\end{tabular}


\subsection{Office and laboratory space} 
The participating groups are equipped with sufficient office and
laboratory space to host the graduate students and their
activities. The offices are equipped with workstations with
appropriate compute power and network links. 

\subsection{Laboratories at UiB} 
\paragraph{The cleanroom} Class 10000 cleanroom equipped with a
semi-automatic probe station for inspecting and probing microstrip
detectors. This includes GPIB operated stepper motors, powersupplies,
current and capacitance meters, switching unit. Furthermore, a VME
based data-aquisition system for powering and reading out signals from
the front-end electronics of silicon detector modules. 
\paragraph{The detector laboratories} 
Subatomic Physics Group:\\
Laboratory for detector development: HV-power supplies, CAMAC-, VME-
and PCI-based data acquisition systems, measurement equipment,
electronics design tools, electronics prototype production facility. 

Space Physics Group:\\ 
The INTEGRAL laboratory was established in connection with the
development, prototyping, manufacturing and testing and delivery of
flight quality subunits to the INTGRAL IBIS (Imager on Board Integral
Satellite) Veto subsystem. It mainly consists of general equipment for
detector prototyping and testing, miscellaneous gamma-ray sources,
equipment for thermal cycling, equipment for development of
electronics and PCB design, access to clean room, access to mechanical
workshop. 

The Space Physics group at Department of Physics, UiB, is establishing
a laboratory with electron and ion beams of energies less than about
200 keV/unit charge. Detectors can be mounted inside the UHV vacuum
chamber on a pedestal with 4 degrees of freedom. Most of the equipment
is already acquired and partly assembled. A modest funding and some
work still remains. The aim is to have the laboratory operational by
end of 2004. 

\paragraph{The microelectronics laboratory} 
The microelectronics lab
was established in 1988 in as a result of the increasing demand for
advanced electronics in space physics instrumentation. Its main
purpose is to serve as an environment for education and research in
microelectronics related to experimental physics. The activity is
focused on embedded sensor electronics, ranging from analogue
amplifier and shaper design to digital control and support
circuits. Both full custom ASIC design and high level language design
of FPGAs is supported. The microelectronics laboratory is a member of
Europractice, which makes available a wide range of leading edge IC,
FPGA, Electronics Systems, and Microsystems design tools, plus
Intellectual Property Blocks (IP). It is equipped with HP and Sun
workstations and PCs running Windows and Linux. A number of
instruments are available in the lab, and at the Department of
Physics, including a Vanguard Networked PCI-X/PCI Bus Analyzer and
Exerciser and mixed signal oscilloscopes. 

\subsection{Laboratories at UiO} 
\paragraph{The Oslo Cyclotron Laboratory (OCL)} The Oslo Cyclotron
Laboratory (OCL) was established in 1978, and is based on a
Scanditronix MC35 cyclotron. This multi-purpose machine can produce
beams of protons, deuterons, 3He and alpha, with energies ranging from
5 to 45 MeV, and intensities from around 10 pA to 100 µA.The
accelerator is thus far more versatile than many specialized ones
found elsewhere. 

Current projects at the OCL include, but are not limited to: 
\begin{itemize} 
\item Study of the structure of thermally excited nuclei at low spin. 
\item Production of radionuclides (18F, 211At) for medical
  purposes. 
\item Radiation hardness tests of electronic components being
  evaluated for possible use with the ALICE detector.
\end{itemize} 

Apart from the cyclotron itself, power-supplies and beam-lines, the
laboratory infrastructure comprises specialized detectors, advanced
data-acquisition electronics and computer equipment. VME based
front-end processors plus Sun workstations and PC's running Linux are
used. Many of the technical solutions, mechanics, electronics and
software, have been developed locally. 

\paragraph{Research group laboratories} 
The research groups for
electronics, space physics, particle physics and nuclear physics
operate laboratories for the design and construction of experimental
specific detector and data processing electronics. A wide range of CAD
tools for electronic design is available. The groups can also acquire
development tools distributed through the membership of the University
of Oslo in the Europractice organization. The laboratories feature a
wide range of test and measurement equipment, software packages, and
Real-Time development systems. 

A common electronics laboratory offers central facilities for surface
mounted circuit technology etc. For ASIC development there is
collaboration with SINTEF and the Institute of Informatics. 

\paragraph{The cleanroom} 
A cleanroom for silicon module assembly is
equipped with high precision assembly tables, including test
facilities for silicon modules. 

\paragraph{Computational physics} An advanced programme in
Computational physics has been under construction the last year at the
Department of Physics. Currently 10 courses are given, mainly for
Master studies, but more advanced courses are being planned. The
scientific programme is a collaboration between the Department and
other university institutes and external institutions, like the Simula
Research Laboratory which was established in 2001. 

\paragraph{Norwegian Microtechnology Centre} The new Norwegian
Microtechnology Centre (NMC) is part of a national programme on
micro-technology. NMC is a joint laboratory operated by the research
organization SINTEF, the University of Oslo, and industry. The
construction has been partly financed by the Norwegian Research
Council. The Centre is located on the Oslo University campus. The
inauguration will take place end September 2003. 

NMCs core competence is the development of micro-components and
complete instrumentation systems based on microcomponents. The
laboratory is equipped with a processing line for 6” wafers. The
research will include ASICs, micro-system manufacturing, MEMS,
packaging technology, photonics and radiation detector
systems. Scientists from SINTEF will collaborate with professors and
students of the University of Oslo in order to design and prototype
new micro-systems. 

The NMC will focus on research in joint projects with staff at the
Department of Physics, University of Oslo. The research program is
currently under definition. A project in “Advanced Sensors for
Micro-Systems” has been proposed to the Norwegian Research Council,
with project members from the University of Oslo and SINTEF. This
project is a Strategic University Program (SUP) for the period
2003-2006 at the Department of Physics,University of Oslo. Two groups
at the Department of Physics have been working on Si sensors for more
than two decades; the Electronics groups and the Experimental Particle
physics (EPP) group. In the Electronics group MSc and PhD students
have been studying fundamental issues related to the detection of
ionizing radiation using semiconductors, most of them in collaboration
with the Department of Microsystems at SINTEF Electronics and
Cybernetics. The EPP group has been working on applications of Si
detectors for high energy physics experiments since the mid
1980’s. The SUP addresses issues regarding the requirements and
fabrication of novel sensors for operating in harsh environments. Two
types of sensors are considered; (i) silicon detectors for ionizing
radiation and (ii) high temperature silicon carbide gas sensors. 



% -----------------------------------------------------------------
%\chapter{Mittel / Kostenarten} 
\chapter{Funding} 
\section{Funding (German side)} 
\subsection{Scholarships for PhD students} 
We ask for the support of 12 students for the German groups
participating in the IRTG. In order to be able to attract the most
active and capable students we have to offer an increased salary for
the interdisciplinary work profile. It should be noted that PhD
student in informatics and electrical engineering typically enjoy full
TVL-13 positions. In order to be at least partially competitive
we ask for each student the increased stipends. 

Subtotal for 4.5 years: \\

\begin{tabular}{lrr}

  \text{Base amount }        & 4,5 x 12 x 12 x 1.365 \Euro & = 888.452  \Euro \\
  \text{Additional support } & 4,5 x 12 x 12 x  103 \Euro & = 66.744 \Euro \\
  \text{Family support }     & 4,5 x 12 x  2 x 205  \Euro  & = 22.140 \Euro\\
  \multicolumn{3}{l}{\text{(for an average of 20\% of all students) } } \\
  \text{Sum} & & 977.336 \Euro \\

\end{tabular}

\subsection{Postdoc position}  
The postdoc position is necessary to maintain the coherence of the 
program and to organize the communication and exchanges, and setting up 
the schools for making use of the most advanced design and
analysis tools available today.
The scientific work also represents a focussing element were 
all students can participate.  
 The duties connected to the postdoc positions are detailed in section \ref{sec:postdoc}. 

Postdocs in all the participating groups are payed according to TVL-13
In order not to discriminate among people on the same level of
experience and education, and to be able to motivate people to join
into the educational activities of the IRTG, we ask for a
positions according to the TVL tariff. 

Subtotal for 4.5 years: \\

Estimate 4,5 x 50.000 \Euro = 225.000 \Euro 
 
\subsection{Joint activities} 
Two joint lecture weeks/schools will be organized each year, one being
internal to the IRTG participants the other one being a school that is
open to the public. The location will alter in between Germany and
Norway. 

We base our funding estimate on the assumption that all the
participants of the IRTG will participate in the internal
lecture week or workshop. 

4.5 x (6 students + 1 Postdoc + 3 faculty) x (350 \Euro + 5x100 \Euro) =
38.250 \Euro

A flight from Frankfurt to Bergen costs 350 \Euro,
 the estimate for housing and food is
100 /Euro/day (120 for Norway) 


\subsection { Travel of students and postdoc} 

We anticipate that many of the students will be have to be  present during 
data taking at CERN and have to participate in collaboration meetings.  
To motivate a number we calculate the cost for each student to spend 2 weeks
at CERN per year. \\

4.5 x 13 x 2 x 1000 \Euro =  120.000 \Euro. 

\subsection {Participation in international conferences }     

Each student and the postdoct is given the chance to present her/his results on an
international conference twice. 

2 x 13 x 1.500 \Euro =  39.000 \Euro. 

\subsection{Mobility costs} 
The cost for long term exchanges of students is divided among the
participating institution in the following way: The travel expenses
are supplied by the home institute of the student while the local
expenses are covered by the host institutes. 
 
\begin{enumerate}
\item Travel money for German students to Norway 

Estimated from the past some  ($\approx$ 4)
participating students will visit the partner university once per year. 

We therefore ask for 

4.5 x 4 x 350 \Euro:  6000 \Euro 

\item We anticipate on average about 2  visits of Norwegian students for
  project work in Heidelberg.  The cost is estimated to   400€/month/person. 

Therefore we ask: 

4.5 x 2 x 400 \Euro:  4.000 \Euro.
\end{enumerate} 

\subsection{Support for visiting scientists}

External lecturers and speakers are invitetd to workshops and seminars. 
The cost for the invitation of an external lecturer is estimated to
2000 \Euro per 4day course, 1000 \Euro for short term visit.   

We therefore ask for a total of 30.000 \Euro.

\subsection{Coordination cost}

Based on the experience up to now we ask for 5.000 \Euro.

\subsection{Total Sum} 

The total requests amounts to  XXX \Euro. 

\section{Funding (Norwegian side)}

The available funding on the Norwegian side is detailed below:

 
%\section{Forschungssemester} 

% ------------------------------------------------------------------
%\chapter{Erkl\"arungen} 
%\section{Beziehung}
%Besteht eine thematische Beziehung zwischen dem Grako und
%einem a, Ort befindlichen Sonderforschungsbereich
%\section{}

% ------------------------------------------------------------------
%\chapter{Verpflichtungen} 
%does not apply

% ------------------------------------------------------------------
%\chapter{Ver\"offentlichung von Antragsteller- und Kollgdaten}
\chapter{Publications}

% ------------------------------------------------------------------
\chapter{Signatures} %Unterschriften} 

\hspace{3cm} Sprecher \hspace{3cm} Hochschulleitung

% =====================================================================


\appendix{C}

\label{AppendixC} 

% ------------------------------------------------------------------

%\thebibliography{99}%
%
%\bibitem{Reischl:2007a}
%  A.~Ll {\it et al.}  [World Collaboration],
%  ``First measurement of the wupticity factor of everything''
%  Bla.\ Rev.\ Lett.\  {\bf 07}, 07666 (2007)
%  [arXiv:hep-fun/0707666]%
%
% ------------------------------------------------------------------
\end{document}
